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Year Ag Tm Lg G AB R H 2B 3B HR RBI SB CS BB SO BA OBP SLG TB SH SF IBB HBP GDP
+--------------+---+----+----+----+---+--+---+----+---+--+---+---+-----+-----+-----+----+---+---+---+---+---+
1986 22 OAK AL 18 53 10 10 1 0 3 9 0 1 4 18 .189 .259 .377 20 0 0 0 1 0
1987 23 OAK AL 151 557 97 161 28 4 49 118 1 1 71 131 .289 .370 .618 344 0 8 8 5 6
1988 24 OAK AL 155 550 87 143 22 1 32 99 0 0 76 117 .260 .352 .478 263 1 4 4 4 15
1989 25 OAK AL 143 490 74 113 17 0 33 95 1 1 83 94 .231 .339 .467 229 0 11 5 3 23
1990 26 OAK AL 156 523 87 123 16 0 39 108 2 1 110 116 .235 .370 .489 256 1 9 9 7 13
1991 27 OAK AL 154 483 62 97 22 0 22 75 2 1 93 116 .201 .330 .383 185 1 5 3 3 13
1992 28 OAK AL 139 467 87 125 22 0 42 104 0 1 90 105 .268 .385 .585 273 0 9 12 5 10
1993 29 OAK AL 27 84 16 28 6 0 9 24 0 1 21 19 .333 .467 .726 61 0 1 5 1 0
1994 30 OAK AL 47 135 26 34 3 0 9 25 0 0 37 40 .252 .413 .474 64 0 0 3 0 3
1995 31 OAK AL 104 317 75 87 13 0 39 90 1 1 88 77 .274 .441 .685 217 0 6 5 11 9
1996 32 OAK AL 130 423 104 132 21 0 52 113 0 0 116 112 .312 .467 .730 309 0 1 16 8 14
1997 33 OAK AL 105 366 48 104 24 0 34 81 1 0 58 98 .284 .383 .628 230 0 5 8 4 9
STL NL 51 174 38 44 3 0 24 42 2 0 43 61 .253 .411 .684 119 0 2 8 5 0
TOT 156 540 86 148 27 0 58 123 3 0 101 159 .274 .393 .646 349 0 7 16 9 9
1998 34 STL NL 155 509 130 152 21 0 70 147 1 0 162 155 .299 .470 .752 383 0 4 28 6 8
1999 35 STL NL 153 521 118 145 21 1 65 147 0 0 133 141 .278 .424 .697 363 0 5 21 2 12
2000 36 STL NL 89 236 60 72 8 0 32 73 1 0 76 78 .305 .483 .746 176 0 2 12 7 5
2001 37 STL NL 97 299 48 56 4 0 29 64 0 0 56 118 .187 .316 .492 147 0 6 3 3 7
+--------------+---+----+----+----+---+--+---+----+---+--+---+---+-----+-----+-----+----+---+---+---+---+---+
16 Seasons 6187 1626 6 1414 8 1596 .263 .394 .588 3 78 150 75 147
1874 1167 252 583 12 1317 3639
+--------------+---+----+----+----+---+--+---+----+---+--+---+---+-----+-----+-----+----+---+---+---+---+---+
162 Game Avg 535 101 141 22 1 50 122 1 1 114 138 .263 .394 .588 315 0 7 13 6 13
Career High 156 557 130 161 28 4 70 147 3 1 162 159 .312 .483 .752 383 1 11 28 11 23
+--------------+---+----+----+----+---+--+---+----+---+--+---+---+-----+-----+-----+----+---+---+---+---+---+
Year Ag Tm Lg G AB R H 2B 3B HR RBI SB CS BB SO BA OBP SLG TB SH SF IBB HBP GDP
Shaded Text indicates partial season results.
Special Batting Glossary
Year Ag Tm Lg PA Outs RC RC/27 OWP BA *lgBA OBP *lgOBP SLG *lgSLG OPS *lgOPS*OPS+ psOPS SB%
+--------------+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+----+-----+----+
1986 22 OAK AL 58 44 5 3.07 | .189 .253| .259 .320| .377 .395| .636 .715| 76 0%
1987 23 OAK AL 641 411 127 8.34 | .289 .257| .370 .324| .618 .412| .987 .736| 164 50%
1988 24 OAK AL 635 427 92 5.82 | .260 .256| .352 .320| .478 .385| .830 .706| 134 0%
1989 25 OAK AL 587 412 78 5.11 | .231 .256| .339 .320| .467 .377| .806 .697| 130 50%
1990 26 OAK AL 650 424 94 5.99 | .235 .255| .370 .322| .489 .381| .859 .703| 143 66%
1991 27 OAK AL 585 406 61 4.06 | .201 .253| .330 .321| .383 .384| .714 .705| 103 66%
1992 28 OAK AL 571 362 105 7.83 | .268 .253| .385 .322| .585 .376| .970 .698| 175 0%
1993 29 OAK AL 107 58 28 13.03 | .333 .261| .467 .330| .726 .399|1.193 .729| 224 0%
1994 30 OAK AL 172 104 26 6.75 | .252 .263| .413 .334| .474 .418| .887 .752| 137 0%
1995 31 OAK AL 422 246 94 10.32 | .274 .259| .441 .332| .685 .410|1.125 .741| 200 50%
1996 32 OAK AL 548 306 142 12.53 | .312 .272| .467 .345| .730 .437|1.198 .782| 203 0%
1997 33 OAK AL 433 276 88 8.61 | .284 .269| .383 .338| .628 .425|1.012 .763| 161 100%
STL NL 224 132 48 9.82 | .253 .269| .411 .341| .684 .423|1.095 .764| 182 100%
TOT 657 408 136 9.00 | .274 .269| .393 .339| .646 .424|1.039 .763| 168 100%
1998 34 STL NL 681 369 179 13.10 | .299 .268| .470 .338| .752 .422|1.222 .761| 217 100%
1999 35 STL NL 661 393 154 10.58 | .278 .276| .424 .351| .697 .444|1.120 .795| 178 0%
2000 36 STL NL 321 171 83 13.11 | .305 .273| .483 .351| .746 .446|1.229 .797| 205 100%
2001 37 STL NL 364 256 46 4.85 | .187 .267| .316 .338| .492 .438| .808 .776| 106 0%
+--------------+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+----+-----+----+
16 Seasons 7660 4797 1450 8.16 | .263 .262| .394 .332| .588 .408| .982 .740| 163 60%
* indicates the value is park adjusted
Shaded Text indicates partial season results.
Fielding Glossary
Year Ag Tm Lg Pos G PO A E DP FP lgFP RFg lgRFg RF9 lgRF9 GS Inn LF CF RF
+--------------+---+----+------+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+----+------+----+----+----+
1986 22 OAK AL 3B 16 10 20 6 1 .833 .948 1.88 2.37
1987 23 OAK AL 1B 145 1173 90 10 91 .992 .992 8.71 8.50
3B 8 2 11 3 0 .812 .952 1.62 2.31
OF 3 1 0 0 0 1.000 .980 0.33 2.00 0 0 3
1988 24 OAK AL 1B 154 1228 88 9 118 .993 .992 8.55 8.41
OF 1 0 0 0 0 0.00 2.10 0 0 1
1989 25 OAK AL 1B 141 1170 114 6 122 .995 .993 9.11 8.35
DH 2
1990 26 OAK AL 1B 154 1329 95 5 126 .997 .992 9.25 8.36
DH 2
1991 27 OAK AL 1B 152 1191 101 4 120 .997 .992 8.50 8.30
1992 28 OAK AL 1B 139 1118 71 6 118 .995 .993 8.55 8.36
1993 29 OAK AL 1B 25 197 14 0 20 1.000 .993 8.44 8.24
1994 30 OAK AL 1B 40 307 18 4 26 .988 .992 8.12 8.49
DH 5
1995 31 OAK AL 1B 91 775 64 12 65 .986 .993 9.22 8.32
DH 10
1996 32 OAK AL 1B 109 913 60 10 118 .990 .992 8.93 7.92
DH 18
1997 33 OAK AL 1B 101 884 60 6 88 .994 .992 9.35 8.04
STL NL 1B 50 439 34 1 40 .998 .993 9.46 8.16
TOT 1B 151 1323 94 7 128 .995 .992 9.38 8.08
1998 34 STL NL 1B 151 1326 97 12 128 .992 .993 9.42 8.01
1999 35 STL NL 1B 151 1180 80 13 119 .990 .993 8.34 7.64
2000 36 STL NL 1B 70 535 23 1 49 .998 .992 7.97 7.73 8.56 9.25 70 587.0
2001 37 STL NL 1B 90 686 33 4 60 .994 .993 7.99 7.84 8.93 9.26 87 724.7
+--------------+---+----+------+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+----+------+----+----+----+
Position Total 1B*1763 14451 1042 103 1408 .993 .992 8.79 8.17 157 1311.7
DH 37 Games not counted in Overall Total below
3B 24 12 31 9 1 .827 .949 1.79 2.35
OF 4 1 0 0 0 1.000 .980 0.25 2.02 0 0 4
+--------------+---+----+------+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+----+------+----+----+----+
Overall Total 1791 14464 1073 112 1409 .993 .992 8.68 8.08
Shaded Text indicates partial season results.
Postseason Batting
Year Round Tm Opp WLser G AB R H 2B 3B HR RBI BB SO BA OBP SLG SB CS SH SF HBP
+------------------+-----+---+---+---+---+--+--+--+---+---+---+-----+-----+-----+--+--+--+--+--+
1988 ALCS OAK BOS W 4 15 4 5 0 0 1 3 1 5 .333 .375 .533 0 0 0 0 0
WS OAK LAD L 5 17 1 1 0 0 1 1 3 4 .059 .200 .235 0 0 0 0 0
1989 ALCS OAK TOR W 5 18 3 7 1 0 1 3 1 4 .389 .400 .611 0 0 0 1 0
WS OAK SFG W 4 17 0 5 1 0 0 1 1 3 .294 .333 .353 0 0 0 0 0
1990 ALCS OAK BOS W 4 13 2 2 0 0 0 2 3 3 .154 .353 .154 0 0 0 0 1
WS OAK CIN L 4 14 1 3 0 0 0 0 2 4 .214 .312 .214 0 0 0 0 0
1992 ALCS OAK TOR L 6 20 1 3 0 0 1 3 5 4 .150 .346 .300 0 0 1 0 1
2000 NLDS STL ATL W 3 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 .500 .667 2.000 0 0 0 0 0
NLCS STL NYM L 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 .000 .333 .000 0 0 0 0 0
2001 NLDS STL ARI L 4 11 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 .091 .091 .091 0 0 0 0 0
+------------------+-----+---+---+---+---+--+--+--+---+---+---+-----+-----+-----+--+--+--+--+--+
2 Lg Div Series 1-1 7 13 1 2 0 0 1 1 1 6 .154 .214 .385 0 0 0 0 0
5 Lg Champ Series 3-2 22 68 10 17 1 0 3 11 11 16 .250 .366 .397 0 0 1 1 2
3 World Series 1-2 13 48 2 9 1 0 1 2 6 11 .188 .278 .271 0 0 0 0 0
10 Postseason Ser 5-5 42 129 13 28 2 0 5 14 18 33 .217 .320 .349 0 0 1 1 2
+------------------+-----+---+---+---+---+--+--+--+---+---+---+-----+-----+-----+--+--+--+--+--+
When the smoke cleared at the end of the 1998 season, after the most
explosive home run race in the history of major league baseball, Mark McGuire
emerged as the all-time single season leader with 70 home runs. The previous
record of 61, held for 37 years by Roger Maris, was also surpassed by Sammy
Sosa who finished the 1998 season with 66 home runs. Was Mark McGwire's
70 home runs the greatest home run season of all time? For the record books,
the answer is yes. But in terms of dominating his peers, the answer would
be an emphatic no. In 1927, the year Babe Ruth hit sixty home runs, the average starter hit about six home runs. In 1961, when Roger Maris hit 61 home runs, followed by Mickey Mantle with 54 home runs, the average starter hit about 14 home runs. During 1998, the average starter hit about 17 home runs.
Additional support for Ruth's 1920 season being the greatest of all time can be found in the table below which provides a z-score analysis of the greatest home run seasons in major league history. To get a z-score, the average number of home runs for a given year (e.g., 6.01 in 1927) is subtracted from a player's home run total for a given year (e.g., 60 for Ruth in 1927). The remainder (e.g., 60 - 6.01 = 53.99) is then divided by the standard deviation for home runs for a given year (e.g., 8.49 in 1927). This produces a z-score of 6.36 for Ruth's 60 home runs in 1927. While Ruth's 60 home run season was a great season, the following table indicates that 1920 was the greatest season of all time. Player Z-Score Home Runs Year 1. Babe Ruth 8.30 54 1920 2. Babe Ruth 7.48 29 1919 3. Babe Ruth 7.20 59 1921 4. Ned Williamson 6.80 27 1884 5. Babe Ruth 6.77 47 1926 6. Gavvy Cravath 6.67 24 1915 7. Buck Freeman 6.63 25 1899 8. Babe Ruth 6.36 60 1927 9. Fred Pfeffer 6.25 25 1884 10. Babe Ruth 6.00 54 1928Ruth's home run feats certainly stick out when a z-score analysis is performed. In comparison to the z-scores listed in the table above, Mark McGwire's 1998 z-score was 4.36 [(70-16.69)/12.23]. While this is a great accomplishment, it is nowhere near the dominating performances listed in the above table. To obtain a z-score of 8.30 in 1998, a player would have had to hit 118 home runs, almost doubling the previous record of 61. That is basically what Ruth did in 1920. If one player hit 118 home runs, while the next best player remained in the 50 or 60 home run range, he would become a mythical figure. That was the impact that Ruth had on the game of baseball with his dominating home run performances which began in 1919. The table below provides a list of the greatest home run seasons of all time. The fact that seven of the top thirteen occurred during the past three seasons demonstrates that we are currently in an unprecedented home run era. Some of the possible causes for the proliferation of home runs that have been entertained are a dilution of pitching talent due to league expansion and a declining minor league; and stronger players due to nutrition, weight training and performance enhancing drugs. Whatever the reason for the home runs, Mark McGwire is not alone in conquering old home run records. Sammy Sosa, Ken Griffey Jr. and many other players have also been having Ruthian years lately. Player Home Runs Year 1. Mark McGwire 70 1998 2. Sammy Sosa 66 1998 3. Mark McGwire 65 1999 4. Sammy Sosa 63 1999 5. Roger Maris 61 1961 6. Babe Ruth 60 1927 7. Babe Ruth 59 1921 8. Jimmie Foxx 58 1932 8. Hank Greenberg 58 1938 8. Mark McGwire 58 1997 11. Ken Griffey Jr. 56 1997 11. Ken Griffey Jr. 56 1998 11. Hank Wilson 56 1930The purpose of this article is not to diminish the great performances of Mark McGwire, Sammy Sosa and Ken Griffey, Jr. over the past three years, but to put them in perspective. One of the great things about the 1998 season was that it sparked an interest in baseball history. Fans were reminded of the many insults Roger Maris had to endure during the 1961 season as he threatened Babe Ruth's record. They also remembered the commissioner of baseball, Ford Frick, placing an asterisk next to Maris' record because he took 162 games to get the record, while Babe had done it in 154 games. The asterisk was eventually removed, but only a few years after Maris' death in 1985. While Maris was made to endure an asterisk next to his record (sic), Josh Gibson never had a chance to be in the record books because of the color of his skin. In 1936, he hit 84 home runs in 170 games. Some of those home runs came in Negro National League games where the pitching was of major league quality, but some of the home runs came against semi-pro teams, so comparisons are difficult. Nonetheless, those who saw both players perform claim that Gibson was equal to Ruth as a home run hitter. McGwire and Sosa's 1998 competition help remind us of the great players of the past. In James A. Riley's article, "Don't Forget Gibson's Power," he recalls
the night McGwire hit his 62nd home run against the Chicago Cubs, breaking
Maris' 37 year old record. After breaking the record, "he (McGwire) graciously
embraced Sammy Sosa, including him in the spotlight as America celebrated."
Then Riley asks, "Wouldn't it have been great if Ruth and Gibson could
have been afforded the same opportunity to chase the home run record together?"
Let us celebrate McGwire's new record and the enjoyable 1998 season, but
before we begin the next century, let us also remember Maris' great season,
and the dominance of Gibson and Ruth in their respective leagues during
the first half of this century.
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